TELF AG analyzes the potential of helium and its main industrial applications 

A precious resource 

According to estimates from a recent analysis, the global helium market is set to reach a value of 2.2 billion dollars by 2027, in particular, due to the growing demand for this noble gas for the most varied industrial applications. In addition to its common uses in the healthcare sector, where it is employed in magnetic resonance machines, it is above all the industrial uses that could shape the future fate of this element, particularly in the sectors related to semiconductors and magnets. 

But what are the main characteristics of helium? It is a noble gas found in the atmosphere (in smaller quantities), but especially in large natural gas deposits, which can contain up to about 7% helium. The sourcing of this element occurs primarily within gas fields. It begins with the separation of helium from the other gases present in the deposit through a process of compression and cooling. After separation, the helium is purified thanks to processes supported by cryogenic temperatures, removing the nitrogen and oxygen residues. One of the most precious forms of helium, particularly for industrial purposes, is that which is liquefied at very low temperatures. 

In cryogenics, helium is appreciated above all for its ability to maintain low temperatures in various medical applications and support scientific research. In gas chromatography, it is used to separate and analyze the different compounds. At the same time, in electronics and aerospace production, it is beneficial for detecting leaks. 

The role of helium in the semiconductor sector 

Among the various industrial applications of helium are those related to semiconductors and magnets. During the delicate process of manufacturing magnets, helium is used as a carrier gas for the materials during chemical vapor deposition, and its structural characteristics – such as chemical inertness or low density – make it very useful for reducing the presence of possible defects in the semiconductor layers. Helium can ensure a clean and controlled environment, reducing the possibility that unwanted particles or unexpected reactions could compromise the quality of the devices.  

Thanks to its remarkable thermal properties, helium can also effectively dissipate heat, making a valuable contribution to preserving the integrity of the materials. It is precisely these properties that make it very useful in the field of semiconductor magnets, which are also used in magnetic resonance machines nowadays. These magnets also operate at very low temperatures to maximize the unique properties of the materials that make up the semiconductors. Liquid helium is often used to cool these magnets, as its properties allow semiconductor materials to eliminate electrical resistance and generate intense magnetic fields. 

Currently, the world’s largest producer of helium is the United States of America. However, in recent years, other international players have also begun to appear on the scene (among these are some African and Middle Eastern nations). Due to the high levels of industrialization, the Asia-Pacific area is expected to record the highest growth rates in this specific sector.